Download and install Microsoft net framework. Download and extract the [Matchmaking server picker]('matchmakingserverpicker') file. Right click on the extracted file. Announcement ESL now offers servers (128 Tick). ESL NA CS:GO 1on1/2on2/5on5 servers would. Was taken but isnt 19 people relatively low for a matchmaking service? Click on properties then compatibility then check the box RUN THIS PROGRAM AS AN ADMINISTRATOR. Now select the server you want to play on. And click apply. Minimize the server picker and continue playing! Enjoy PS - Norton or other antivirus might detect the server picker as a virus of WS1 reputation because it restricts you to Indian server. Rest assured, it isn't a virus. If you have any other doubts feel free to ask in comments below.
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A mix of social networking, compatibility testing, and online dating, OkCupid is unusual in that it allows its members to create the matching questions already pre. Shy Passions is a 100% free 'Shy Dating' & social networking site for introverts and shy singles. Basically, the idea here is that it should be easier to say hello if you know everyone else is a little shy too. Feel free to break the ice with a smooch, or an email. Whether you are just a little shy in the dating scene, or you are dealing with some more serious shyness issues, you can relax at Shy Passions. Find others dealing with Mild Shyness, Extreme Shyness, Panic Attacks, Social Anxiety Disorder or Asperger's. Sign up to enjoy free chat, free photo personals, message boards & email. Shy Passions gives people who are part of the Shyness community a place to find one another. 100% free social networking dating sites for singles looking for online dating services, create personal profiles on free online dating social networking sites. Online dating never been easier, just create a profile, check out your matches, send them a few messages and when meet up for a date. You are welcome to use Shy Passions solely as a dating site, since it has all the major features found on mainstream dating sites (e.g.,,,, email, forums, etc.). Or, if you aren’t interested in dating, you can use Shy Passions solely as a Shyness focused social network, since it has all the major features found on large social networking sites. Basically, whether you are looking for romance, love, friendship, information, emotional support or just to connect with people you share something in common with, you are in the right place! *Shy Passions is one site within the Passions Network network of 260+ niche online dating social networking sites. If you do not have an existing account within Passions Network, then you can join Shy Passions, and it will be 100% free. No upgrades will be required for you to have full access to Shy Passions. Additionally, you will have the option to upgrade your Passions Network account (if you would like). There are over 260 niche dating sites within Passions Network and members interested in access to all sites in the network can upgrade to ‘Network Wide Access’ for a one time payment of $14.95. No recurring charges. This option opens up access to a significant number of active sites in the network, but again, it is not required. In this post, we are listing some of the most popular dating social networks where you can sign up and search for your soul mate. You can chat with them and set up a meet and see for yourself if he/she is your significant other or not. As these sites are a lot popular, there are hundreds of thousands of girls and guys who are looking to date someone. So let’s get to the list without wasting any more time. Popular Social Networking Sites for Dating Nowadays men or women all are addicted towards social media sites like Facebook and Twitter but you it is extremely difficult to find someone who likes you on these sites. So you need to take advantage of the social networking sites that are running with the sole intention of finding you a date. The major benefits of these social networking sites which are prone towards dating are that you get huge connectivity and you are more likely to find someone of your choice. That’s really cool if you ask me. So let’s see which are the best social networking sites for dating. This website is quite interesting and with lots of available males and females, the website proves to be the right platform for men and women to get a partner with similar preferences as they can create questions and puzzles by which they can choose the best among. It stands on first position among dating sites as it has correct gender proportions which makes mingling more efficient. One of the biggest dating sites from 2000, the main motto of the site is to maintain long term relationships and the company has drawn a new compatibility model which helps you to find how much the person resembles you in terms of behavior and personality. One of the oldest dating site Match.com has turned 20 years old and has immense networking throughout 8 countries which is quite revealing. Though the site is not free but after subscribing you can find your soul mate and chat with them which will prove worth of the money you spend. It’s a free website and has huge networking as the name says plenty, yes you get plenty opportunities though you can upgrade by paying some amount and being a premium member but free membership can also be availed. Again a free website but quite simple, the best thing about this app is you can download it on your smartphone. With a shake to the cell you can get all the possible outcomes in your area as it works on GPS and then you can chat with them by adding them. Recommended: So these were few popular social networking sites for dating. Hope you find your favorite person to date this weekend using any of these services. Also don’t forget to share it up with your friends over social network if you get helped with them so they could also get the same. Do let me know what your views are over dating online using these websites. Canadian Car and Foundry (CC&F). They also made a successful leap into the streetcar business, supplying Montreal, Toronto, Regina, Calgary, Vancouver. Diesmal ein Beitrag nur fuer Urlauber! Viele, die in Kanada Urlaub machen (insbesondere Vancouver oder Toronto), kreuzen gern mal die Grenze, um in den USA zu shoppen. Dabei gilt es einiges zu beachten 1) Pass Als Deutscher benoetigt man einen Pass, um von Kanada in die USA zu gelangen. Beim Grenzuebertritt muss man dann weiterhin nochmal in das Zollhaus, um ein gueltiges Besuchervisum (I-94) ausgestellt zu bekommen. Das gilt drei Monate und kostet 6 USD. Hat man noch ein gueltiges Esta von einem vorhergehenden Flug in die USA geht man ebf in das Grenzhaeuschen, spart sich aber das ausfuellen des I-94 von Hand. Dem officer das einfach sagen und er druckt dann ein gueltiges Visum aus dem Computer, dass dann in den Pass eingeheftet wird, 6 US-Dollar sind aber dennoch zu entrichten. An den grossen Uebergaengen kann oftmals mit Kreditkarte gezahlt werden, aber um sicher zu gehen, sollte man das Geld bar bei sich haben:-). Weiss man bei der Rueckreise nach Kanada bereits, dass man in den verbleibenden Wochen nicht noch einmal in die USA reist, dem Kanadischen Beamten Bescheid geben, dass er es bitte entfernen moechte. Sonst kann man grosse Schwierigkeiten bekommen, falls man irgendwann nochmal in die USA moechte. 2) Sich vorbereiten ist man kurz vor dem Grenzbeamten, Sonnenbrillen absetzen, Radio ausschalten, alle Scheiben herunterlassen und dem Grenzbeamten unaufgefordert die Paesse geben 3) Kinder Hat man Kinder dabei, aber nicht beide Eltenteile, benoetigt man eine schriftliche Zustimmung des fehlenden Elternteils, dass das Kind die Grenze uebertreten darf. Diese natuerlich auf englisch! Beispiel ist hier zu finden (kann mit den eigenen Angaben ergaenzt werden) 4) wissen, was man mitnehmen darf In die USA darf man zB kein Obst, Fleisch, Pflanzen mitnehmen, nach Kanada wiederum zumindest derzeit (hier in BC) keine Eier oder Huehnchenfleisch, genauso wie wir in BC keine Aepfel einfuhren duerfen oder Kartoffeln. Aber das ist fuer normale Toruisten ja eher unerheblich:-). Alkohol darf nur nach bestimmten Abwesenheitszeiten (mind 48h) steuerfrei mitgberacht werden (ansonsten sind Steuern+Zoll faellig, was den Preisvorteil ganz schnell aufhebt oder alles noch deutlich teurer macht, als wenn man es in Kanada gekauft haette). Als Tourist braucht man sich nicht soviel Sorgen um den Gesamtwert der Kleidung machen beim shoppen, denn der kanadische Grenzer will eigentlich nur wissen, ob die Kleidung in Kanada verbleibt. Dann wird ggf Steuer faellig. Da idR aber alles weiter nach Deutschland (oder sonstiges Heimatland) mitgenommen wird, interessiert das dan erst wieder den dortigen Zoll mit dem Warenwert. Dazu bitte die Einfuhrbestimmungen des eigenen Landes checken. Fuer Sachen aus den USA (und anderen Staaten) nach Kanada Kann ich ein Tier mit nach Kanada bringen? - 5) Auto Registrierung Bei Mietautos ist es wichtig zu wissen, wo ggf die Papiere sind. Manchmal muessen auch die vorgezeigt werden 6) Kofferraum Vorher pruefen, was man genau im Kofferraum hat. Das ist eine uebliche Frage beim Grenzuebertritt. 7) Fragen Sowohl der Officer der USA als auch Kanada werden fragen stellen. Typisch sind: Wo leben sie? - Deutschland o.ae. Was machen Sie in Kanada/USA? - Urlaub Warum wollen sie ueber die Grenze? - shoppen, Hotelaufenthalt, Tagesreise nach xy Wohin geht es? (ggf Adresse) - Shoppen in xy, Urlaub in xy (dann Adresse, Buchungsbestaetigung fuer Hotel o.ae.) Wie lange wollen sie bleiben? Was bringen sie an Waren mit ins Land?/Verbleiben diese im Land? - bei Kleidungsshopping kann somit also entspannt mit nein geantwortet werden, da ja alles weiter nach Deutschland etc wieder ausgefuehrt wird. Dazu also bitte die Antworten schon vorher parat haben:-). 8) Rechnungen bereithalten Kommt man aus den USA zurueck, wird der kanadische Officer fragen, was man gekauft hat und wieviel Warenwert. Am besten ist es, wenn man dazu auch gleich die Rechnungen zur Hand hat. 9) pruefen der Wartezeiten Man kann vorher auch online die Wartezeiten pruefen, die man an der Grenze haben wird. Nach Kanada rein findet man diese hier in die USA rein Das ist natuerlich nur ein grober Ueberblick ueber die wichtigsten Sachen. Wichtig ist: immer hoeflich bleiben und keine pampigen oder pseudowitzigen Antworten geben, nicht rumstottern:-). Keine Garantie auf Vollstaendigkeit, bitte die Bestimmungen immer vorher nochmal selbst online pruefen, da es auch bei den einzelnen Provinzen Unterschiede geben kann! Yvonne, ich muss Dir was die Einfuhr von Eiern, Huehnerfleisch und Obst widersprechen, denn ich fahre nun so alle 4 Wochen rueber in die USA (Maine) zum Einkaufen und ich habe immer Obst usw. Dort eingekauft. Ok, vor ein paar Wochen durfte man keine Eier und kein Gefluegelfleisch nach Canada einfuehren, aber das war nur weil in einigen Huehnerfarmen Salomonellen gefunden wurden. Diese Verbot koennte mittlerweile aufgehoben sein, aber darueber muss ich mich noch informieren. Meine gute Bekannte faehrt alle 2 Wochen rueber und die frage ich mal. Man darf auch immer Alkohol von der USA mitnehmen, aber dann werden natuerlich steuern an der canadischen Grenze faellig. Steuern werden fasst immer faellig, wenn man viele Produkte (Kleidung, techn. Geraete usw.) in der USA kauft. Hier gibt es doch tatsaechlich noch Deutsche, die meinen nur fuer einen Gesamtwert von 50.00 USD p. Einkaufen zu duerfen. Das ist natuerlich Bloedsinn! Man kann soviel einkaufen wie man will nur bei grossen Mengen wie z. Haehnchenbrustfilet wird ein wieder Verkauf vermutet. Was die Einfuhrsteuer an der canadischen Grenze betrifft, kommt es auch auf die Laune des Grenzbeamten an. Manche schauen garnicht drauf wieviel steuerpflichtige Produkte man eingekauft hat und schauen sich nur kurz die PR Card an und laesst einen fahren. Ansonsten finde ich Deinen Beitrag vor allen Dingen fuer Urlauber sehr hilfreich. Mir gehts ja vor allem um Touristen aus Deutschland usw, die einen Ausflug zum Shopping machen (vor allem in die grossen Outlets hinter der Grenze) und nicht um Leute, die in Kanada wohnen in diesem Beitrag:-). Touris bringen keine Unmengen Fleisch mit nach Kanada etc. Allerdings gebe ich Dir Recht, dass man natuerlich immer Alkohol mitbringen darf, u.U. Dann eben die Steuern/Zoll zahlen muss. Ich meinte oben den Steuerfreien Fall nach 48h. Werde ich gleich nochmal aendern. (obwohl wir auch bei 2h Ausfluegen immer Bier mitbringen und wir noch nie irgendwas dafuer zahlen mussten *lach*, da sind sie hier GsD echt entspannt, wenn man die Menge nicht uebertreibt) Wir in BC duerfen uebrigens tatsaechlich bestimmtes Obst/Gemuese nicht einfuehren 'in British Columbia (BC): restrictions on fresh apples, stone fruit and potatoes.' Wir haben das auch noch nie mitgebracht. Bei uns darf man immer noch keine Eier/Huehnerfleisch mitbringen, fragen die Grenzer hier auch gezielt nach. Wir fahren auch alle 2-3 Wochen rueber fuer den Grosseinkauf:-). The concept of sustainability is widely acknowledged as a political guideline. Economic, ecological, social and cultural aspects of sustainability are already under discussion. The pressing problem of space debris and current space mining efforts demand that the discussion becomes a broader one about “planetary sustainability”, including the space surrounding Earth. To date, planetary sustainability has mainly been used with reference to Earth only and it will be extended here, elaborating on a similar NASA initiative. NASA envisions: • a world in which all people have access to abundant water, food, and energy, as well as protection from severe storms and climate change impacts, • Healthy and sustainable worldwide economic growth from renewable products and resources and finally • a multi-planetary society, where the resources of the solar system are available to the people of Earth. While all of these dimensions are essential, the project will especially examine and ethically evaluate how realistic and meaningful the rarely researched third point is. The problem shall be assessed making use of the philosophical and theological approach of a constructive-critical realism. The project is made possible through a generous grant of. Its purpose is to write a monograph on topic, and to accompany the development of the research with public events. The book is thought to consist of six chapters comprising the core topics of the subject. The public events scheduled are: • a project presentation in form of a public lecture in the beginning, • two to three conference presentations throughout the project, • an international workshop discussing the results towards the end of the writing period and • a book presentation after publication. Additionally, several cooperation partners have signalled their interest in inviting the principal investigator to present his research in a workshop or lecture at their home institution. In 2017 we inhabit a 'post-truth' world where scientific evidence and accurate information must compete with appeals to emotion, 'alternative facts' and 'fake news'. Strong scientific consensus on issues such as anthropogenic climate change, the medical benefits of vaccines, the economic benefits of immigration, and the safety of eating genetically modified foods is not mirrored by public opinion, which is itself increasingly polarized and politically partisan on key issues. In this context, the current 18-month project addresses a fundamental challenge for science and society: to understand how destructive 'misbeliefs' about empirical reality persist and proliferate in the face of contrary scientific evidence. Across two broad studies, we will investigate • a) the extent to which the human tendency to gather insufficient evidence when forming beliefs and making decisions – 'jumping to conclusions' – spreads and amplifies in socio-cultural settings; • b) the extent to which appraisal of relevant evidence is governed by social rather than epistemic (truth-directed) motivations – that is, to signal commitment to cultural groups upon which individuals depend. Intense division over the facts of the matter may have catastrophic ramifications for public life – potentially inducing public health emergencies, sectarian violence, financial crises and environmental disasters. Only by understanding the cognitive and sociocultural factors sustaining these divisions can we hope to develop interventions to increase the uptake of scientific knowledge in the public at large. The principles of linear and angular momentum belong to the most important results of classical physics. They describe how momentum and angular momentum evolve in time by relating them to force and torque vectors, respectively. Whereas the development of the principle of linear momentum is well known from the historical point of view, the emergence of the principle of angular momentum had remained completely in darkness up to now. This study aims at unearthing the hitherto disregarded development of the concept of angular momentum and at reconstructing its coming into being by analyzing not only Euler's relevant publications, but by using his unpublished manuscripts and notebook records as well. Global climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. Human-caused global warming, primarily due to emissions of carbon dioxide, calls for a broad portfolio of measures to avoid and to adapt to climate change. Efficient decision-making requires sound scientific information as well as the translation and transfer of this information to society and policy-makers. The 10thInternational Carbon Dioxide Conference (ICDC10) contributes significantly to this endeavor. ICDC10 will expand the knowledge base and foster the development of the intellectual space needed to support transformations towards sustainability, particularly in the areas of de-carbonization and climate stabilization. The world-wide leading experts and young researchers will gather at ICDC10 in Interlaken to discuss and synthesize the most recent research insights on the global carbon cycle. ICDC10 is supported by the leading organizations and programs such as the World Climate Research Programme, Future Earth or the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Plenary and poster sessions for the expected 800 participants constitute the backbone of the conference. This emphasis will nurture interdisciplinary exchange and provide a holistic view of the carbon cycle in the Earth System, urgently needed to develop scientific-sound solutions. Thanks to the support by the cogito foundation, the findings of the conference will be communicated not only to the scientific community but also to the public at large. Mindfulness meditation, originally a Buddhist practice, is now an umbrella term for contemplative practices employed in various settings, such as religious centres, non-sectarian groups, and clinical interventions. Adaptation of Buddhist contemplative practices in the Western world resulted in their secular and decontextualized applications, receiving much attention from researchers in psychology and medicine. Growing evidence suggests that mindfulness based techniques, such as Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction program (MBSR) are effective for a number of physical and mental conditions, but the main shortcoming of the current research paradigm in contemplative studies is the fact that possible contextual influences are never taken in consideration in evaluating effects of those techniques. In this project we are interested in a particular outcome of mindfulness meditation practice: the stress response to social-evaluative threat. It is an important area of inquiry taking in consideration the fact that stress is known for its pathogenic effects on physical and mental health, well-being, psychological and the social functioning of individuals. Building on theories of religious/spiritual coping, we propose that not only well-described psychological mechanisms, but also contextual factors such as spiritual experiences or changes in cognition linked to Buddhist doctrinal tenets constitute important mechanisms of meditation effectiveness. The goal of this project is to assess the relationship between mindfulness meditation practice and the stress response to social-evaluative threat (measured by self-report and biological markers), and to investigate the mechanisms underlying its relationship. On the basis of the complexity of our research questions, we propose an interdisciplinary approach in assessing the mindfulness meditation/stress reactivity relationship using a joint theoretical and methodological paradigm from the fields of psychology and religious studies, and a clinical intervention approach from the medical domain. Interdisciplinary approach will consist in adopting a joint definition of the practice, a common theory of underlying mechanisms of its effectiveness, based on previous psychological research on meditation and theories of religious coping, and a mixed-methods design that will be implemented by combining an observational study and a randomized control trial with both quantitative and qualitative approaches in data collection. The cogito foundation finances observational study and a randomized control trial. FameLab is an international Science Slam competition open to anyone working in the fields of natural sciences and engineering. Since 2012 FameLab competitions also take place in Switzerland. The idea stems from the organisers of the Cheltenham Festivals in Great Britain, the implementation is supported by the British Council in each of the participating countries. At the moment Life Science Zurich (University and ETH Zurich) and the University of Basel are responsible for the organisation in Switzerland. FameLab aims to popularise science and discover and encourage future science communicators. Young scientists present their project to a lay public without using electronic media and are evaluated according to the three C judging criteria: Content, Clarity and Charisma. Participants should therefore present a correct content in a clear and concise way and at the same time be inspiring, exciting and captivating! The 3-minute talks are judged by experts from the scientific and communication fields. The audience also has the possibility to determine their favourite presentation. Usually two heats are organised in Switzerland each year: one in the German-speaking part and one in the Romandy. The 10 best candidates from both heats participate in a two-day communication workshop before they compete in the national final. Subsequently the Swiss winner represents Switzerland at the international FameLab competition in Cheltenham, UK. Mental disorders belong to the top contributors of the contemporary burden of disease worldwide. Currently, however, a researcher or clinician seeking to better understand the causal underpinnings of a disorder encounters an overwhelming amount of literature, which is distributed across several fields of studies (e.g. Molecular Genetics, Neurobiology, Psychiatry, and Sociology). Furthermore – and quite paradoxically – the rapid increase in the number of scientific articles published each year 'prevents' scientists from gaining a complete picture of disorders. That is, distinct research communities studying the same disorder lay their own claim to causes and drill down into them, rather than developing an integrative understanding of the disorder. The PsyMine project intends to develop a prototype of a text mining application that is specifically designed to overcome this fragmentation of knowledge. The application's main output will be a database of cause-disorder-relationships detected in the scientific literature across disciplinary boundaries. This database will enable scholars to ask integrative questions about the multi-faceted causal underpinnings of mental disorders and to benefit from the work of scientists across the spectrum of disciplines. The project consists of three work packages: • the development of the required vocabulary, • the development of the relation-extraction application, • the creation of a database of the extracted cause-disorder-relations, publicly accessible via a web-interface. The project is based on Computational Linguistics methodologies, however the expert support of the Center for Mental Health is essential, both for the constructions of the domain terminology and for the validation of the quality of results found by the automated system. Many empirical disciplines, such as sociology, psychology, neuroscience and anthropology, contribute to an increasing knowledge of the foundations, mechanisms, and conditions of human moral behavior in various social contexts. This knowledge provides a basis for moral technologies – interventions intended to improve moral decision-making in a non-explicit way; i.e. That do not target deliberation itself, but underlying neurological or psychological processes, as well as technological mediators of human social interaction. Such technologies include pharmacological interventions ('moral enhancement'), social technologies ('nudging'), and information technology applications for behavior change ('persuasive technologies'). Given the megatrend to 'scientize' and 'moralize' various social domains, it is likely that the use of moral technologies will increase in future. This, however, raises important ethical questions such as: What idea of 'the good' is promoted by moral technologies? Are context-sensible moral technologies possible? To what extent is it morally justifiable to bypass deliberation in pursuit of improved moral decision-making? Do moral technologies endanger ethical plurality? Answering these and related questions requires sophisticated understanding of the theoretical, scientific, technological, and ethical issues associated with moral technologies. The conference 'Moral Technologies – Theoretical, Practical and Ethical Issues' will gather senior researchers and young scientists working in a broad spectrum of disciplines for discussing these and other related questions. It will take place from July 10 to July 15, 2016 at the Centro Stefano Franscini (CSF) at the Monte Verita in Ticino. Speakers include David Abrams (University of Pennsylvania), Molly Crockett (University of Oxford), Batya Friedman (University of Washington), Paul Slovic (University of Oregon), John Sullins (Sonoma State University), Ann Tenbrunsel (University of Notre Dame) and Nicole Vincent (Georgia State University). The cogito foundation will cover travel and lodging costs of three international speakers. The principal investigator is a philosopher who is known for his work on the foundations of physics. Last year, he spent his sabbatical at the Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy in Munich at the Ludwig-Maximillians-University in order to work on a book on the ontology of physics in an atomistic and structural realist framework. He established contact to mathematical physicists there who pursue similar ideas. The funding by the cogito foundation is requested to invite D. Lazarovici as postdoc to Lausanne for 20 month to collaborate with completing the book manuscript. The project thus combines in an exemplary manner expert knowledge from both the humanities and the natural sciences. The objective is to work out a fundamental ontology of the physical world that is on the one hand as simple and as general as possible and on the other hand in the position to explain the experimental data. Classical atomism meets these conditions. However, conceiving the atoms as being characterized by intrinsic properties fails in quantum physics due to entanglement. Their spatial distribution then remains as the characteristic feature of the atoms. We thus get to the hypothesis of a spatial configuration of matter, consisting in point particles that are individuated in an entirely structural manner, namely through the spatial relations in which they stand and the change in these relations. Dynamical parameters – such as mass in classical mechanics, or the wave function in quantum mechanics – then are the means to describe the temporal evolution of that configuration. While this hypothesis is able to generate a solution to the famous quantum measurement problem (as is evident from the de Broglie-Bohm-Bell quantum theory), the biggest challenge is how to deal with fields in this hypothesis, both in classical and in quantum physics. Starting from Feynman's criticism of taking fields ontologically serious, we'll examine the Wheeler-Feynman theory of classical electromagnetism as a case study of a relativistic direct interaction theory of particles and work out its consequences for our view of laws of nature. The planned work has the potential to produce exciting new results. In a partnership of filmmakers, public health specialists and educators from India and Switzerland, the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) in Basel is organizing a film screening and symposium on 31 March and 1 April 2015. The event aims to promote and enhance the quality and effectiveness of collaborations of filmmakers and health professionals, and their use of various types of films for public awareness of health topics, professional training and research communications. This project builds on long-standing research and training partnerships of the Swiss TPH with Indian colleagues in mental health, public health, health communications and filmmaking. An award-winning feature film will be screened and discussed with the directors and principle actor at the Stadtkino Basel on 31 March, the evening before the symposium. The film, Astu - So Be It, presents the experience of caregivers and family of an aging parent with dementia in Pune, India. A retired Sanskrit scholar is by turns philosophical, wise, loving, angry and childlike. Productive partnerships of filmmaking and public health have a limited history but great potential. The project aims to bridge the gap between these two disciplines, so that practitioners of each can better understand and communicate the interests of their respective fields and work with one another. The cross-cultural component in the interaction of Swiss and Indian cultures further enhances the appeal of the event and its aims. The cogito foundation will support the travel and accommodation costs of four leading experts from India who present their experience. The project aims to build a bridge between computer science and qualitatively conducted linguistics. While much work in computational linguistics seeks to find ways to automatize the analysis of meaning and thus to obliterate the necessity of a human observer, we think that much is to be gained from integrating qualitative semantic analyses into computational work. The extraction of information from social media is an enterprise that holds an immense potential with regard to practical applications. However, this enterprise is unlikely to be successful if it is approached from a single disciplinary perspective. Linguists commonly lack the computational expertise to make their qualitative analyses scalable to the volumes of 'big data'. Computational scientists have that expertise, but are usually not trained in the qualitative analysis of meaning. We see fine-grained, qualitatively enriched sentiment analysis as a research problem that requires real interdisciplinary cooperation among humanists and scientists. The current project will study restaurant reviews and will build upon earlier work, which summarized product reviews in terms of central features of the reviewed products or used a lexicon of positive and negative words to improve the effectiveness of product feature extraction. Experimental philosophy is a recent trend in philosophy that aims at enriching the philosopher's toolbox by approaching traditional philosophical questions with methods coming from cognitive sciences. Our aim here is to apply this new methodological approach to the field of aesthetics. We will show how empirical methods can illuminate three different philosophical puzzles: • The relationship between morality and exposure to artworks: is it true, as many philosophers seem to think, that a better engagement with beauty can improve our life as moral persons? This will be investigated by testing whether prior exposure to 'moving' films and music makes people more altruistic and less selfish. • The nature of the emotion we feel for fictional characters: how can we feel emotions for characters that do not exist? A widespread approach in aesthetics answers this question by denying that we feel emotions for fictional characters: we only feel quasi-emotions. We will investigate the empirical adequacy of this answer by testing to which extent emotional reactions to a film differ in nature and intensity depending on whether participants believe it to refer to a real situation or not. • The nature of aesthetic judgment: are judgments about beauty different from mere statements of preference? Most philosophers think they are, based on the observation that people claim some sort of universal validity for their aesthetic judgments. However, some have put this observation to doubt. Our goal here will be to empirically investigate the way people conceptualize their own aesthetic judgments and engage in aesthetic disputes. Although the thread of a 'genetically engineered future' has become a frequent subject of philosophical debates, the meaning of the words 'cloning', 'DNA', 'genome' is still unclear for a majority of non-scientists. This project is a practical tentative to use a contemporary music creation to bridge this gap. It is articulated around the creation of a string quartet to illustrate the complexity of human genetic information, which will be composed by Olivier Calmel, a young French composer. The premiere will be performed on June 25th 2014 in Geneva by Abdel Hamid el Shwekh, Sidonie Bougamont (violins, orchestra soloists from the OSR-Orchestre de la Suisse Romande), Galina Favereau (viola) and Alain Doury (cello). The concert will be preceded by a conference by Professor Amos Bairoch, an outstanding scientist expert in human genes and proteins, and followed by a round table, where musicians and scientists will share their experience with the public. The quartet will be played a second time on June 30th 2014 in an auditorium of the University of Geneva to a public exclusively composed of scientists. Through a questionnaire, we will get feedback from all the actors of the project and the audience. Answers should allow to adjust and generalize the concept of using contemporary music for scientific popularization purposes. The music scores of the musical piece created in the frame of this project will be published, and can be re-used for other scientific or cultural events. The first phase of the MACOCC project set the methodological standards of our research with five Maya Councils of Guatemala (Kiche', Kaqchikel, Mam, Mopan and Q'eqchi'), aiming to describe their concept of cancer. In this project we now intend to correlate these anthropological investigations to biomedical research by focusing on the Maya diagnosis and treatment of chronic, pervasive, non-infectious diseases and cancer. The major objectives are • to obtain validated biomedical diagnoses of 20-30 Maya patients from three ethno-linguistic groups affected by emically-defined chronic, non-infectious, pervasive illnesses, • to complete the biomedical diagnoses of identified Maya 'cancer' patients to obtain 5–10 pathologically confirmed cancer cases among Maya patients. With support from the Cancer Institute of Guatemala (INCAN) and other local partners, patients being treated by Maya doctors will be brought for determining the equivalent disease in modern biomedicine, later following a thorough documentation and reconstruction of their particular treatment regimes in Maya medicine. We follow a transdisciplinary process to facilitate putting into relation modern biomedical analysis and maya traditional medical explanations and applications. The concept of 'embodied cognition' – that our mental faculties are partly determined by the form of the human body – is becoming increasingly popular in the work of philosophers, psychologists, cognitive scientists, and artificial intelligence researchers. In the proposed project we will use questionnaires, behavioural tools and neuroimaging to investigate the neural correlates underlying altered cognition in individuals with one hand. The project will study two populations with a unilateral hand-absence: individuals with congenital developmental deficiencies and acquired amputees (i.e. Individuals that lost their hand during adulthood), as well as controls. We will first focus on numerical cognition as a key example of the potential relationship between the body and cognition: using a behavioural paradigm, we will attempt to identify the importance of intact hand representation, during the course of childhood and adulthood, on numerical cognition. Using steady state functional MRI we will also study changes in the neural architecture underlying a range of cognitive functions in individuals with an absent hand, compared with controls. We will attempt to associate these functional changes with distorted embodiment associated with handloss, such as the phenomenology of phantom sensations. The results are expected to advance the understanding of the relationship between embodiment and cognition, with broad potential impact on multiple subdisciplines of the cognitive sciences, and may also bear impact on the rehabilitation of individuals after traumatic loss of a hand. Many human emotions are associated with specific physical actions (e.g. Happiness -> smile). Humans have a tendency to 'copy' physical actions that they observe. This copying can be explicit or remain at the level of cortical activity (in a simplified sense, the brain 'thinks' about the physical action but does not execute it). The applicants suggest that because of the strong association of some physical actions with a given emotion, the simple act of copying (or thinking about) these physical actions can induce the associated emotion in us, and thus would allow us to better interpret ('feel') the emotions of the person that we are copying from. The proposal has three components: • Analysis of premotor and motor cortical activity in volunteers during as they observe diverse emotional states. • Analysis of the effect of culture/group on motor cortical activity and ability to sense emotions. Previous studies suggest that we can more readily interpret emotions from members of our own group/ethnic race than from other ethnic races. This bias can be reduced by social psychology methods. The applicants propose to see what happens under these conditions at the level of premotor and motor cortex. • The applicants propose to interfere with cortical activity patterns using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), in order to determine whether these activities contribute to the ability to recognize emotions and judge whether they occur in an appropriate social context. The applicant team includes several groups in Bologna and in Rome with both experimental neuroscientists and social psychologists with a track record of research in this interesting area in cognitive neuroscience. The proposed experiments have the potential to provide additional insight into the importance of explicit/implicit copying of physical activities associated with specific emotions. In the fall semester of 2013 the project applicants organize a series of events at the zoological museum of the University of Zurich. The talks cover a wide range of topics connected with evolutionary questions, especially aimed at members of the social sciences and the humanities. Renowned speakers will introduce their topic in a short presentation, followed by a discussion moderated by the applicants and a dinner. The topics covered by the speakers will deal with all aspects of evolution and they will point out specific issues of relevance to the social sciences and the humanities. The participants for these events will be selected from the Graduate Campus of the University of Zurich as well as from direct contacts with the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. Monday, September 30th, 2013: 'Phylogeny & Co-evolution' Dr. Robert Asher, University of Cambridge, Department of Zoology Prof. Paul Schmid-Hempel, ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science. Monday, October 21st, 2013: 'Culture and Evolutionary Economics' Prof. Carel van Schaik, University of Zurich, Institute of Anthropology. Ulrich Witt, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Jena Director of the Evolutionary Economics Group. Monday, November 4th, 2013: 'Evolutionary Psychology' Dr. Gillian Brown, University of St. Andrews, School of Psychology and Neuroscience. Monday, December 2nd, 2013: 'Development, Adaptation & Epigenetics' Prof. Mike Richardson, University of Leiden, Institute of Biology, Eco Evo-Devo. Ueli Grossniklaus, University of Zurich, Institute of Plant Biology Epigenetics. The talks and discussions will be video-edited and thereafter published online. The goal of this research project was to answer the question: does poverty have particular psychological, economic-choice, and neurobiological consequences? For instance, in the psychological domain, does poverty lead to lower optimism, higher stress, or lower self-esteem? In economic choice, does poverty lead to more impatience, higher risk aversion, or less altruism? And neurobiologically, does poverty lead to higher levels of stress markers such as cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines? To answer these questions both laboratory experiments as well as field studies have been combined. The studies take place both in developed countries (Switzerland) as well as developing countries (Kenya), with respondents who have experienced extreme poverty. State-of-the-art methods from several fields – behavioral economics, psychology, development economics, and neuroscience are used. Additionally, an outstanding group of collaborators provide expertise from immunology, anthropology, and psychiatry. Study 1: 'Poverty' in the lab: impact on psychological welfare and economic choice In this experiment, we ask whether poverty has psychological consequences in a laboratory setting. We develop a laboratory paradigm for 'poverty' and test to what extent this experimental manipulation affects psychological outcome variables, neurobiological markers of stress, and economic choice. Subjects perform an effort task, from which they can earn income. To mimic two important aspects of poverty, different groups of subjects start the experiment with different initial endowments; in addition, after a certain number of periods, subsets of participants receive exogenous positive or negative income shocks. We then ask whether these manipulations – i.e., having less money than others, and/or having less money than previously – affects stress, temporal discounting, and a number of other psychological variables. We hypothesize that being 'poor' relative to others or relative to one's own income history will be associated with higher stress and more short-sighted time preferences. A total of 148 subjects have participated in this experiment, and our results show that subjects who receive the negative income shock display increased levels of present bias, suggesting that one's own income level has adverse effects on subjective wellbeing and decision-making, and that therefore poverty may causally lead to stress and short-sighted choices. Study 2: Increasing poverty in the field: causal impact of a natural experiment on psychological welfare and economic choice This study investigates the psychological, neurobiological and economic choice consequences of an exogenous increase in poverty. To this end, we take advantage of two unique natural experiments in Kenya. We hypothesize that larger negative income shocks lead to higher levels of stress and more short-sighted decision-making. If we obtain this finding, it would confirm the results and generalize them a) from the lab to the field, b) from a developed to a developing country. In the first study, we use data from Elangata Wuas, a Massai region in Southern Kenya, where a severe draught in 2008/2009 led to a large negative income shock in the form of death of livestock – the main income source. The proportion of livestock lost by each household is not predicted by any observable variables – in particular, rich households could not protect themselves from the loss of livestock. This makes the loss of livestock a random negative income shock to households, and thus it can be used to identify a causal effect of an increase in poverty on cortisol levels. We studied the causal effect of shocks on levels of the stress hormone cortisol a year later, and found that baseline cortisol is significantly higher in families who lost more livestock than others. In the second study, we use rainfall variation as an exogenous source of income variation and focused on Kianyaga, a farming district populated by the Kikuyu where agriculture is the main source of income, and periods of no rain pose significant economic challenges for households. To ask if the absence of rain raises levels of stress hormones, we combine high resolution infrared satellite imagery measuring rainfall with GPS location data for each household, and salivary samples to assay cortisol. Our findings show that periods of no rain lead to significant increases in salivary cortisol, with a lag of 10 days. Thus, exogenous increases in poverty lead to increases in salivary cortisol, establishing a causal link between poverty and stress hormones. Study 3: Reducing poverty in the field: causal impact of unconditional cash transfers on psychological welfare and economic choice and Study 4: Reducing poverty in the field: causal impact of insurance provision on psychological welfare and economic choice These studies address the converse question: what are the psychological, neuroscientific and economic choice consequences of an exogenous decrease in poverty? We study this question using two randomized controlled trials in Kenya: we implement an exogenous poverty decrease through either randomly assigned Unconditional Cash Transfers (UCT), or randomly assigned provision of health insurance, to poor families in Kenya. We are interested in the welfare impact of these rather novel development measures, both in terms of classical socio-economic outcome variables standardly used in RCTs, as well as the novel psychological, neurobiological and economic-choice variables. In particular, we hypothesize that receiving cash transfer or insurance will lead to decreased levels of stress and more farsighted decision-making. Both the UCT and insurance studies are now ongoing in Kenya. This project was financed for 3 consecutive years after annual reports showed that the project is progressing successfully. The project Theoretical Psychology is concerned with explaining and predicting basic and abstract mental phenomena in a unified theoretical framework. As such it is aimed at identifying cognitive structures, elements, and processes that fundamentally underlie perception and high-order conception. The mental aspects that are integrated into the unified theoretical framework include: spatial, temporal, causal, conditional, numerical, digital/analog, and embodied cognition. The three main methodologies are: • synthesizing findings from experimental cognitive psychology/neuroscience (natural science) with findings from cognitive linguistics (humanities); • using cognitive-linguistic methods to identify mental structure; • combining methods from experimental cognitive psychology/neuroscience and cognitive linguistics in collaborative research. Potential applied fields of application include clinical psychology and artificial intelligence. In general, a truly cooperative spirit that systematically brings together work from experimental cognitive approaches ('hard science') and non experimental cognitive approaches ('soft science') is lacking in cognitive science. To bring together such (sometimes so-called) 'hard' and 'soft' sciences is also one of the main aims of the cogito foundation. This project is committed to demonstrating that such a synergy in cognitive science is one possible way of how we can significantly deepen and broaden our understanding of the human mind. The Universities of Geneva and Zurich and ETH Zurich plan a scientific exhibition for the broad public entitled 'Fears inside us'. The Exhibition will highlight different aspects of fear: • physiological reactions related to fear • neural circuits of fear • fear in the animal world • the pleasure of fear • great fears in history • phobias • other anxiety disorders The exhibition explicitly aims to look at the theme of fear from various scientific angles, including neuroscience, physiology, zoology, genetics, sociology, history and psychiatry. Total Funds granted from the cogito foundation are CHF 20'000.-: CHF 10'000.- for the conception, translation and printing of school materials for visiting classes, CHF 10'000.- for panel discussions and public talks. The goal of this research project was to answer the question: does poverty have particular psychological, economic-choice, and neurobiological consequences? For instance, in the psychological domain, does poverty lead to lower optimism, higher stress, or lower self-esteem? In economic choice, does poverty lead to more impatience, higher risk aversion, or less altruism? And neurobiologically, does poverty lead to higher levels of stress markers such as cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines? To answer these questions both laboratory experiments as well as field studies have been combined. The studies take place both in developed countries (Switzerland) as well as developing countries (Kenya), with respondents who have experienced extreme poverty. State-of-the-art methods from several fields – behavioral economics, psychology, development economics, and neuroscience are used. Additionally, an outstanding group of collaborators provide expertise from immunology, anthropology, and psychiatry. Study 1: 'Poverty' in the lab: impact on psychological welfare and economic choice In this experiment, we ask whether poverty has psychological consequences in a laboratory setting. We develop a laboratory paradigm for 'poverty' and test to what extent this experimental manipulation affects psychological outcome variables, neurobiological markers of stress, and economic choice. Subjects perform an effort task, from which they can earn income. To mimic two important aspects of poverty, different groups of subjects start the experiment with different initial endowments; in addition, after a certain number of periods, subsets of participants receive exogenous positive or negative income shocks. We then ask whether these manipulations – i.e., having less money than others, and/or having less money than previously – affects stress, temporal discounting, and a number of other psychological variables. We hypothesize that being 'poor' relative to others or relative to one's own income history will be associated with higher stress and more short-sighted time preferences. A total of 148 subjects have participated in this experiment, and our results show that subjects who receive the negative income shock display increased levels of present bias, suggesting that one's own income level has adverse effects on subjective wellbeing and decision-making, and that therefore poverty may causally lead to stress and short-sighted choices. Study 2: Increasing poverty in the field: causal impact of a natural experiment on psychological welfare and economic choice This study investigates the psychological, neurobiological and economic choice consequences of an exogenous increase in poverty. To this end, we take advantage of two unique natural experiments in Kenya. We hypothesize that larger negative income shocks lead to higher levels of stress and more short-sighted decision-making. If we obtain this finding, it would confirm the results and generalize them a) from the lab to the field, b) from a developed to a developing country. In the first study, we use data from Elangata Wuas, a Massai region in Southern Kenya, where a severe draught in 2008/2009 led to a large negative income shock in the form of death of livestock – the main income source. The proportion of livestock lost by each household is not predicted by any observable variables – in particular, rich households could not protect themselves from the loss of livestock. This makes the loss of livestock a random negative income shock to households, and thus it can be used to identify a causal effect of an increase in poverty on cortisol levels. We studied the causal effect of shocks on levels of the stress hormone cortisol a year later, and found that baseline cortisol is significantly higher in families who lost more livestock than others. In the second study, we use rainfall variation as an exogenous source of income variation and focused on Kianyaga, a farming district populated by the Kikuyu where agriculture is the main source of income, and periods of no rain pose significant economic challenges for households. To ask if the absence of rain raises levels of stress hormones, we combine high resolution infrared satellite imagery measuring rainfall with GPS location data for each household, and salivary samples to assay cortisol. Our findings show that periods of no rain lead to significant increases in salivary cortisol, with a lag of 10 days. Thus, exogenous increases in poverty lead to increases in salivary cortisol, establishing a causal link between poverty and stress hormones. Study 3: Reducing poverty in the field: causal impact of unconditional cash transfers on psychological welfare and economic choice and Study 4: Reducing poverty in the field: causal impact of insurance provision on psychological welfare and economic choice These studies address the converse question: what are the psychological, neuroscientific and economic choice consequences of an exogenous decrease in poverty? We study this question using two randomized controlled trials in Kenya: we implement an exogenous poverty decrease through either randomly assigned Unconditional Cash Transfers (UCT), or randomly assigned provision of health insurance, to poor families in Kenya. We are interested in the welfare impact of these rather novel development measures, both in terms of classical socio-economic outcome variables standardly used in RCTs, as well as the novel psychological, neurobiological and economic-choice variables. In particular, we hypothesize that receiving cash transfer or insurance will lead to decreased levels of stress and more farsighted decision-making. Both the UCT and insurance studies are now ongoing in Kenya. This project was financed for 3 consecutive years after annual reports showed that the project is progressing successfully. In 2001 the International Summer School on Humour and Laughter was founded. It will be held for the 2nd time in Switzerland at the Boldern Conference Centre, from July 5 – 10, 2010. The Summer School is designed to benefit both research students and more experienced researchers who are considering conducting research in the field of humour and laughter. Twentytwo lectures and four workshops are offered over the course of six days. The teaching faculty comprises eleven speakers, allowing greater diversity in the topics covered. The participants represent many different cultures, ranging from, as far south as Australia to as north as Finland, and from Russia to United States of America, with many countries in between. The programme aims to provide an overview of the interdisciplinary nature of humour research, by considering theory and empirical evidence, addressing special research issues, discussing methodology and evaluation of research findings to date, and considering some of the applications of humour and laughter. Meet the Lecturer sessions are offered daily so participants can have discussion hopefully optimising their experience by allowing one to one conversations. The cogito foundation covers the travelling costs of Professors Rod R. Martin, University of Western Ontario (Fr. 1'800.-) und Christie Davies, University Reading (Fr. 700.-) total CHF 2'500.. The 7th Conference on Applications of Social Network Analysis (ASNA) has the goal to assess the state of the field and discuss current developments and innovations in social network research. It will take place at the ETH Zurich, September 15.-17, 2010. As for the previous years, ASNA 2010 will primarily provide an interdisciplinary venue with focus on applications of social network analysis. However, submissions on theoretical and methodological issues are also welcome. There are no limitations with respect of scientific disciplines and research questions. However, contributors are especially encouraged to address the conference topic of 'dynamics of social networks'. Social network analysis (SNA) suggests broadening the focus from individual actors to a set of actors and the relations among them. Hence, the characteristic paradigm of SNA is to include 'the context' to understand phenomena’s in various scientific disciplines like sociology, political science, communication science, social psychology, anthropology, economics, biology, physics, and others. In recent years increasing awareness arises that 'the context' also includes a temporal dimension. Hence, it is of interest whether and how the structure of a network is dependent on previous structures or which future dynamics can be assumed to happen based on a given network. Also most cross sectional research include implicit assumptions about dynamic processes of networks. The cogito foundation finances the travel costs of Professor Thomas W. Valente, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Cancer has an evolutionary legacy that goes back to the age before the human species. The first scientific classification was provided in the industrial emergent society by Percivel Pott (1775) and others. A cellular view on cancer was opened by Virchow (1862), considered the father of cellular pathology. Today science focuses mostly on understanding mutant genes and molecular processes related to cancer cells. However, other cultures such as the Maya of Guatemala, also have an understanding of physiological, as well as spiritual/cognitive, aspects of cancer. The goal of this project is to develop a systemic description and analysis of human cancer and the immune system which allows to describe and to relate (a) the current scientific approaches to cancer and the immune system and (b) the indigenous Mayan concept of cancer. The project takes an epistemological perspective and provides a better understanding of various processes involved in different types of cancer treatments. This becomes possible by a transdisciplinary process that is organized and conducted by the Guatemala Maya Council of Elders, an academic leader (Roland Scholz, ETH), and a leading oncologist (Christoph Renner, University Hospital Zurich). A key part of the project consists of in depth interviews and workshops with the wisdom keepers of six ethno-linguistic groups to facilitate a comprehensive representation of Maya epistemology. One outcome of the project is the documentation of this knowledge in a book. The project also reviews the cellular and molecular processes involved in immune and cancer defense activities according to modern scientific research (Cohen, Matzinger, etc), which will be reconsidered from the Human Environment System (HES) framework perspective. The two theoretical reconstructions should serve to (i) identify commonalities and differences between the 'current scientific' and the Mayan reconstruction of cancer processes, (ii) integrate, systematize and document the historically fragmented knowledge of Maya Elders in both the mental-cognitive (spiritual) and physiological perspective, and (iii) design a potential field study to evaluate the effectiveness of Mayan cancer treatment in a long-term survey. The goal of this research project was to answer the question: does poverty have particular psychological, economic-choice, and neurobiological consequences? For instance, in the psychological domain, does poverty lead to lower optimism, higher stress, or lower self-esteem? In economic choice, does poverty lead to more impatience, higher risk aversion, or less altruism? And neurobiologically, does poverty lead to higher levels of stress markers such as cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines? To answer these questions both laboratory experiments as well as field studies have been combined. The studies take place both in developed countries (Switzerland) as well as developing countries (Kenya), with respondents who have experienced extreme poverty. State-of-the-art methods from several fields – behavioral economics, psychology, development economics, and neuroscience are used. Additionally, an outstanding group of collaborators provide expertise from immunology, anthropology, and psychiatry. Study 1: 'Poverty' in the lab: impact on psychological welfare and economic choice In this experiment, we ask whether poverty has psychological consequences in a laboratory setting. We develop a laboratory paradigm for 'poverty' and test to what extent this experimental manipulation affects psychological outcome variables, neurobiological markers of stress, and economic choice. Subjects perform an effort task, from which they can earn income. To mimic two important aspects of poverty, different groups of subjects start the experiment with different initial endowments; in addition, after a certain number of periods, subsets of participants receive exogenous positive or negative income shocks. We then ask whether these manipulations – i.e., having less money than others, and/or having less money than previously – affects stress, temporal discounting, and a number of other psychological variables. We hypothesize that being 'poor' relative to others or relative to one's own income history will be associated with higher stress and more short-sighted time preferences. A total of 148 subjects have participated in this experiment, and our results show that subjects who receive the negative income shock display increased levels of present bias, suggesting that one's own income level has adverse effects on subjective wellbeing and decision-making, and that therefore poverty may causally lead to stress and short-sighted choices. Study 2: Increasing poverty in the field: causal impact of a natural experiment on psychological welfare and economic choice This study investigates the psychological, neurobiological and economic choice consequences of an exogenous increase in poverty. To this end, we take advantage of two unique natural experiments in Kenya. We hypothesize that larger negative income shocks lead to higher levels of stress and more short-sighted decision-making. If we obtain this finding, it would confirm the results and generalize them a) from the lab to the field, b) from a developed to a developing country. In the first study, we use data from Elangata Wuas, a Massai region in Southern Kenya, where a severe draught in 2008/2009 led to a large negative income shock in the form of death of livestock – the main income source. The proportion of livestock lost by each household is not predicted by any observable variables – in particular, rich households could not protect themselves from the loss of livestock. This makes the loss of livestock a random negative income shock to households, and thus it can be used to identify a causal effect of an increase in poverty on cortisol levels. We studied the causal effect of shocks on levels of the stress hormone cortisol a year later, and found that baseline cortisol is significantly higher in families who lost more livestock than others. In the second study, we use rainfall variation as an exogenous source of income variation and focused on Kianyaga, a farming district populated by the Kikuyu where agriculture is the main source of income, and periods of no rain pose significant economic challenges for households. To ask if the absence of rain raises levels of stress hormones, we combine high resolution infrared satellite imagery measuring rainfall with GPS location data for each household, and salivary samples to assay cortisol. Our findings show that periods of no rain lead to significant increases in salivary cortisol, with a lag of 10 days. Thus, exogenous increases in poverty lead to increases in salivary cortisol, establishing a causal link between poverty and stress hormones. Study 3: Reducing poverty in the field: causal impact of unconditional cash transfers on psychological welfare and economic choice and Study 4: Reducing poverty in the field: causal impact of insurance provision on psychological welfare and economic choice These studies address the converse question: what are the psychological, neuroscientific and economic choice consequences of an exogenous decrease in poverty? We study this question using two randomized controlled trials in Kenya: we implement an exogenous poverty decrease through either randomly assigned Unconditional Cash Transfers (UCT), or randomly assigned provision of health insurance, to poor families in Kenya. We are interested in the welfare impact of these rather novel development measures, both in terms of classical socio-economic outcome variables standardly used in RCTs, as well as the novel psychological, neurobiological and economic-choice variables. In particular, we hypothesize that receiving cash transfer or insurance will lead to decreased levels of stress and more farsighted decision-making. Both the UCT and insurance studies are now ongoing in Kenya. This project was financed for 3 consecutive years after annual reports showed that the project is progressing successfully. The personality of an individual predicts its behavior in specific situations, and this behavioral response differs consistently between individuals. Personality has been studied by psychologists for more than a century, with the surprising result that under natural conditions humans show low consistency in behavior, such that for example in schools they may be punctual, whereas in private life they are not. In biology, personality research only emerged over the last 10 years. This is surprising, as anybody living with animals knows that specific dogs or cats will behave predictably in specific situations and differ in their behavior from other animals of the same species. Personality research in the field of animal behavior is so far restricted to artificial conditions in field arenas, while – in contrast to psychology – no studies were done under natural conditions. Furthermore, even though the evolution of personality has been regarded as one of the most demanding challenges in the study of animal behavior, few long-term field studies exist. We want to study personality traits in the field in African striped mice ( Rhabdomys pumilio), a species that is known for high social flexibility. In this research project we will test: • Whether personality traits measured in field observations are consistent over time and do correlate with measurements obtained under standardized conditions. This will be the first time that personality traits will be measured repeatedly under natural conditions in an animal species other than humans. • Whether 'personality' traits remain consistent when individuals switch from one social tactic to another, such as from social to solitary life. • Whether fitness consequences of different 'personalities' differ between years with different ecological conditions, which could explain why variation in personality traits is maintained in natural populations. • In how far the hormones testosterone and corticosterone (stress) correlate with differences in personality traits. We want to bring together knowledge from psychology and biology to understand the trait variable 'personality'. It is time for zoologists to take into account results from psychology, and for psychologists to learn about animal personalities. Clearly, seeing 'personality' as a trait that is widespread in the animal kingdom as a result of natural selection could open new avenues of research for psychologists to understand human 'personalities', while zoologists have to study personality under natural conditions as is done in psychology. The international Society for Literature, Science and the Arts (SLSA) welcomes colleagues in the sciences, engineering, technology, computer science, medicine, the social sciences, the humanities, the arts, and independent scholars and artists. The Society meets annually in the USA (Autumn) and, since 2000, biennially in a European country (Spring). Previous European Meetings took place in Brussels (2000), Aarhus (2002), Paris (2004), Amsterdam (2006) and Berlin (2008). Founded in 2008, the European sister organisation SLSAeu will hold its first conference in Riga (Latvia) from June 15-19, 2010. Dedicated to the theme of TEXTURES and organised by the international academic-artistic network electronic text and textiles (e-t+t), participants are invited to explore fabrics, structures, surfaces, and interfaces in a world that has been transformed to a large extent through technoscience and networked media. This transformed world is highly textured, partly through verbal and non-verbal 'texts' but also by mixtures of human-made and given environments whose complexity offers resistance to symbolic readings. Keynote lectures, roundtables and paper sessions as well as a bioart workshop and exhibitions will focus on the following issues: materiality and textuality, networks and sustainability, tissue cultures, architextures, art as research. The cogito foundation supports the following keynote speakers Catherine Malabou, France; Daina Taimina, USA; Joanna Zylinska (UK). What is the nature of scientific knowledge? Is scientific knowledge discovered or constructed? How are we to account for the truth or validity of scientific knowledge? For a long time, these questions were the domain of the philosophy of science. Yet, in the 1970s and 1980s historians and sociologists of science began to address these questions in novel ways. The aim was to study scientific and mathematical knowledge not in terms of 'rational reconstructions', but rather 'naturalistically', which turned the analytic lens to the social, cultural, practical, material, political constituents of scientific knowledge. In these investigations, mathematics has been very much a marginal and occasional topic compared to the experimental sciences (e.g., biology, chemistry, particle physics). Disciplines that do not rely on experiments and complicated machinery but are associated with 'proof', 'deduction', or 'calculation' (such as, e.g., algebra, number theory, formal logic, or theoretical physics) have received less systematic attention. This workshop will bring together a group of internationally distinguished scholars that have investigated mathematics as practice and culture. The aim is to (a) collect a variety of case studies from different perspectives, (b) critically reflect upon the relationship between these case studies and the case studies as a whole. The contributions will be published as an edited collection at an English language academic publishing house. The National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) for the Affective Sciences is a research network financed by the Swiss government and administered through the Swiss National Science Foundation and based at the University of Geneva. Many phenomena, ranging from individual cognitive processing to social and collective behavior, cannot be understood without taking into account affective determinants. Moreover, affective phenomena are complex episodes in human behavior and experience, thoroughly integrated into a social and cultural context, that require study from different research perspectives. The NCCR in Affective Sciences brings together disciplines which study the biological, psychological, and social dimensions of affect. The different scientific projects aim to provide a better understanding of affective phenomena (e.g., emotions, motivations, moods, stress, wellbeing) from various research perspectives and multiple levels of analysis. With its scientists stemming from various backgrounds such as psychology, philosophy, economics, political science, law, criminology, psychiatry, neuroscience, education, sociology, literature, history, and religious and social anthropology, the NCCR places a particular emphasis on the interdisciplinary and integrative collaboration between these different domains of research. The Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, is organising a one day interdisciplinary conference on Emotions and Machines. Talks will be on the possibility of emotional artificial agents, the use of technology to measure human emotions, and the benefits and hazards of emotion related technology generally. 'As machines get to be more and more like men, men will come to be more like machines' this will be discussed on August 21st, 2009. The cogito foundation finances the foreign speakers. Synaesthesia is an unusual neurological condition characterized by anomalous correspondences between and within sensory modalities (e.g., 'coloured hearing'). Recent work has demonstrated that the behavioral features of synaesthesia can be induced in highly suggestible non-synaesthetes using posthypnotic suggestion ('virtual' synaesthesia). This grant will support a postdoctoral fellowship in the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford under the supervision of Dr. Roi Cohen Kadosh. This project aims to follow up on this early study by attempting to track the necessary and sufficient brain systems for congenital and virtual synaesthesia. The first experiment will examine the cortical activation patterns associated with congenital and virtual synaesthesia, whereas the second will allow us to investigate whether and to what extent both forms of synaesthesia are dependent upon multisensory integration. In conjunction, we believe these studies will provide a formidable investigation of the neurocognitive basis of virtual synaesthesia and will provide valuable information with regard to how it is similar to, or different from, congenital synaesthesia. The „explore-it“ project, launched in 2005, organizes events for schools and adolescents that are designed to encourage invention and research at a young age thereby generating interest in science and engineering professions. Based on this experience, the idea was born to organize an “Inventers Fair” for children in order to present their inventions to a wider audience. The first fair will take place on June 4, 2008 in Zofingen. Up to 150 children representing 60 classes are expected to participate, admission being assured by a successfully realized technical innovation. On March 13, 2008 the Paulus-Academy organizes a workshop on “Neurotheology”. Neuroscience is the study of neurological signals that can be observed in localizable areas of the brain during religious-emotional experiences, feelings and states of mind. What used to be clearly the domain of the humanities has become a subject of brain research. Is faith “just” a neurological phenomenon? The workshop is truly interdisciplinary. It will feature the neuro-anatomist Prof. Michael Frotscher, Freiburg i.B., the theologian Prof. Ulrich Eibach, Bonn and the philosopher Prof. Thomas Schmidt, Frankfurt. The aim of the 22nd International Conference on the History of Cartography, is to foster discussion on the history of cartography. It is organised by the working Group on the history of cartography together with the Institute of cartography at ETH Zurich and the Institute of Geography of the University of Berne. It will take place from 8. July 2007 in Berne. The ICHC2007 focuses on the four main themes: 1. Mapping Relief How have topographers and cartographers mastered the representation of relief? What are the peculiarities of high mountain cartography? What are the various non-European techniques for mapping relief? Is there already a history of submarine cartography? Maps and Tourism How has tourism influenced cartography and the map trade? Have tourist agencies of the 19th and 20th centuries created specific patterns of map use? Since when and how were tourist maps created and distributed as mass media? How was it commercially viable to create maps of regions that were unreachable to most people at the time? Language and Maps How did cartographers deal with translations and translators? Do the maps for different target groups or countries use the same geographical terms? When do they use exonyms or endonyms? Were the map publishers in any given country under pressure because of language politics? What are the specific problems of multi-lingual countries? Do we know the 'language' of old maps? Time as the Cartographic Fourth Dimension When did maps start to represent our dynamic environment instead of a static or idealized situation? Does the answer differ when we think of medieval or thematic maps? How long were maps in use before they were replaced? What are the problems of map series whose creation took decades? This conference took place on June 28, 2007. Its aim was to study the demand for fast means of transportation from a historical, an economical, a technical, and a sociological perspective as well as with respect to spatial-planning in an international context. Such discussions are to lead to conclusions relevant to science, economy, and society for the future of Swiss high speed traffic. The cooperation of the Institute for Transport Planning and Systems of ETH, the ETH Institute for History of Engineering, and the Research Institute for Social and Economic History of the University of Zurich resulted in a manifold and interesting programme which covers the topic in a cross functional way. Speakers are international and Swiss experts from industry, universities, and politics. The grant funds students’ attendance fees. The two-day symposium will take place on the occasion of the festivities to the 175 years jubilee of the University of Zurich on March 17 and 18, 2008. In order to reflect upon the scientific way in the interdisciplinary dialogue, light will be shed by means of examples from different scientific fields like history, languages and behavioural biology on how research is conducted, what their understanding of “knowledge” is, what research methods they use und in which language results are communicated. University knowledge is shared knowledge. There is no unitary discipline which comprises University findings in their totality. The objects of scientific examination are determined by the way of approach by the respective field. Disciplinary knowledge should be a part of University knowledge, therefore, dialogue beyond the limits of the particular fields is needed. Renowned scientists from all fields explore findings out of interdisciplinary dialogues. The symposium is aimed at an academic audience but also at the interested public. Which variant of probabilistic reasoning is most adequate for the construction of theories evolution? The question is being addressed in a pluralistic fashion thus allowing various interpretations and quantitative representations of the principle of probability to be discussed on a fundamental level. Thereby, it should be possible to evaluate the application of these different formalisms to the biological disciplines like molecular phylogeny, population genetics, or evolutionary game theory. All these disciplines relay now on theoretical, mathematical and probabilistic instruments. Without these, they would be unable to reach conclusions that are biologically relevant. The project is focused on a topic that is equally rooted in mathematics, biology and philosophy. It has so far only been addressed in a disciplinary way but never by spanning the disciplines. Additional application to 3-years PhD fellowship S-115/06 for field research in India; the additional request is granted as the major part of the funds (CHF 133'636.30) is spent on tuition for 3 years at University College London. The project’s aim is to research the origin and establishment of altruistic behaviour in society. The issue shall be explored in rural and semi urban communities that share a common cultural background but differ in economical and demographical respects. The cooperative behaviour between individuals within these communities shall be examined by the use of standardized, economic game paradigms. The project deals with the timely topic of the evolution of altruistic behaviour in humans at the interface of socio-biology, sociology, behavioural ecology and economy, anthropology and cultural studies. The field study addressing behavioural-ecological, ecological and evolutionary biological questions will be conducted among different populations of the Indian Gond tribe. It is the major objective of the project and it will be financed by the additional funds. Nobody has yet succeeded to track down the neuronal expressions of memory suppression, simply because memory suppression cannot be commanded nor willingly triggered. Based on research results on hypnotically induced paralyses, which show that the same cortical areas are affected that inhibit motoric signals, memory suppression shall be induced by hypnosis. The fMRI observations should yield fundamental insights about the mechanisms of remembering and forgetting. Especially interesting will be the difference, if any, between remembering faces and other pictures, as the brain handles these categories differently. Libra Woman & Pisces Man Love Match: Libra Woman Dating Pisces Man This love match may work but it will have some rough patches first - starting from the very first date. The Libra woman and the Pisces man both have difficulty making decisions so there could be an eternal stalemate between them. They’ll have plenty to talk about and this relationship will turn into a spiritual one rather quickly. Sexually, there is a misty connection that is utterly romantic and idealistic. The Libra woman exposes her sacred self to the Pisces man easily and the Pisces man is swallowed by the Libra woman’s romanticism. Compatibility Rating: Note: Your compatibility with other signs of the zodiac also depends on your planets, rising signs and other astrological aspects! For a personalized or, learn more about. Virgo Woman and Pisces Man Compatibility on Zodiac Compatibility| Famous Virgo-Pisces Couple: Cindy Crawford and Richard Gere Opposites attract, but is it. Love Compatibility Between Pisces Man Virgo Woman. Can Pisces men and Virgo women relationships be compatible mentally, emotionally and sexually? Opposites attract, so the Pisces Man Virgo Woman relationship just might work. She will enjoy taking time to understand how the Pisces Man thinks because they. Pisces is watery mute and Libra is airy cardinal. Both are inimically placed in the zodiac. However, in the beginning Pisces man is attracted to beautifu. Astrological Compatibility Rating: A perfect love match made in heaven Love match and wedding bells Love match with potential This relationship may require some work Each sun sign has compatible, incompatible and opposite signs. Below, find a table of which signs you might be more or less compatible with. Pisces MAN!!! DATING GAMES!?!?!| Pisces forum: hello fishes i am new to the site so please bear with me i am a young virgo female although i am not. The Pisces man and the Virgo woman belong to opposite zodiac signs, which is often an indication of good astrological compatibility. Will that prove to be the case. Virgo cusp of Libra; I just step back from my Scorpio man after his Birthday because we are too distant and he seems not care. Why bother??? I just give up and. I'm a Virgo woman dating a Pisces man and it's the most exhilarating experience I have ever had in the relationship department. It's as if we both feed off of each. Of all the same sign relationship combinations, the Pisces man and Pisces woman has to be one of the most magical. This can be a wonderfully tender pairing – but it. Apr 27, 2015. According to the Astrology chart, Virgo and Pisces are opposite signs, though sexually this relationship may produce sparks, as a Virgo woman learns to forgo her cool demeanor with the affectionate. The natural karmic partnership of a Pisces man is a Virgo woman. If you initially find that. Electric passion can be just the beginning between a Pisces man and the Libra woman. If things evolve. There might be a slight envy of the Piscean personality when a Sagittarius woman starts dating a Pisces man. A Sagittarian girl. Read love compatibility about virgo female and pisces male sun sign and how they maintain relationship to match accordingly. 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Congenital heart disorders may also result in symptoms in adulthood. In addition, many develop disorders of the mitral valve, including those who have no congenital heart failure. Forskjeller mellom kreft hos barn og voksne. Hos barn bruker man derfor nesten alltid forskjellige cellegifter enten alene eller i kombinasjon med operasjon og. Andre symptomer er forskjellige typer utslett. Matallergi og matintoleranse kan ha forskjellig utvikling hos barn og voksne. Hypothyreosis develops in up to half of the patients, and coeliac disease in one of every five. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome occurs in an estimated half of the patients. Sensorineural hearing loss and cataracts can be observed from before the age of 30. Atlantoaxial instability sometimes occurs, and a radiological examination of the neck must be undertaken prior to interventions under narcosis. Behavioural change with loss of skills and withdrawal, psychomotoric retardation and mutism are frequently observed from the age of 30 onwards, and may be symptoms of mental disorders or the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. Related Terms • • • • • • • • • • If you've ever looked at online and local personal ads and wonder exactly what all those abbreviations and slang terms mean, this guide will help you decipher the dating text chat and personals ad lingo. Online personals, classifieds and dating sites are places to go if you're looking for friendship, companionship or romance. When you place an ad or create an online profile, it tells others about you: your personality and what you're looking for in a relationship. To use online classified personals, sometimes you need to pay for the ad space and people will use abbreviations to fit in all the things they want to mention in the ad, without going over the maximum character limit. If you have ever taken a look at online and local personal ads and didn't understand all the abbreviations and slang terms mean, this Webopedia Quick Reference will help you decipher the dating text chat and personals ad lingo by providing the definitions to the more common abbreviations. May 12, 2017. Online Personal Ads & Dating Chat Abbreviations. One side has the word, one side has the definition. Microwave and dishwasher safe. Lotsa space for your liquids. Mass Bowel Movement, when 5 people or more gang up and go take a crap in the same toilet so as to plug it up. Buy the mug Buy the tshirt. Explore simulation games tagged Dating Sim on itch.io. MBM Corporation produces document shredders and state-of-the-art paper finishing equipment for the graphics and printing industries. The Webopedia.com chat guides offer definitions and translations for text message, chat, Twitter, online auction, online personals, classified ad and smiley face abbreviations. Online Personals Abbreviations 5. 87 online personal ad and dating chat abbreviations indexed! For more than 1,300 online chat and text message abbreviations. Online Personal Ads & Dating Chat Abbreviations A ACA AL AQU A/S/L AARI B&D B BB BBW BF BHM BHM BI BIF BIM C C CAN CAP CD CU D DDF DF DOB Dom Domme FA FS FTA FTTB G GC GEM GF GSOH HWP IPT IRL ISO J K L LD LDR LIB LS LTR M MC MBL ND NM NS P P PIS RTS S SAE SA/F SA/M SAG SB/F SB/M SCO SD SI SOH Sub SW/F SW/M TAU TG TS VGL VIR W4W WAA WI WLTM W/O WTR X Y YO Asian All calls answered Animal lover Aquarius Age/Sex/Location? 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PAMAHALAAN: Mga pinuno, batas at hukuman PINUNO: Rajah, Datu, Sultan Tungkulin ng pinuno: Gumagawa at nagpapatupad ng batas, tagahatol, nagbibigay ng parusa, pinuno sa dogmaan, nagdedeklara ng digmaan, Nakikipagkasundo sa kalapit na barangay, Nagaayos ng gulo o away, Lider sa pananampalataya, atbp. Mga Batas: Ang mga batas ay pinagkakasunduuan ng matandang konseho at isinisigaw ng umalahokan ang bagong batas sa barangay. Mahigpit ang pagpapatupad ng batas. Malupit din ang mga parusa tulad ng pagputol ng daliri, pagiging alipin, kamatayan, atbp. Lipunan: Ang Maharlika ay binubuo ng kaanak ng datu. Ang Timawa ay binubuo ng mga malayang tao. Ang Alipin ay maaaring namamahay (may pag-asang maging timawa) o saguiguilid (wala nang pagasang maging timawa). Pananampalataya: Sinasaklawan nito ang kanilang mga kaugalian. Sa paglilibing, pagpapakasal, at sa pang-arawaraw na gawain. Marami silang pinararangalang diyos. Mga Pamahiin: Paglilibing: kasamang inilalagay sa kabaong ang mga paboritong kagamitan ng namatay, minsan ay isinansama ang isang alipin, paglulukasa sa pamamagitan ng pagsusuot ng puti, di pagkain at paginom ng alak,nagaayuno, baliktad ang paglalagay ng balaraw, atbp. Panliligaw: kailangang dumaan muna sa magulang bago sa anaak, paninilbihan ang pamilya ng babae, hindi maaaring magtagpo, magkakaloob ng bigay kaya ang lalaki kung nakapasa na siya sa unang pagsubok at maayos na pakikipag usap ng magkabilang panig. Wika at Panulat: May 17 titik lamang ang ginagamit noon. 14 na katinig at 3 patinig ngunit 5 ang gamit nito. Dagta ng kahoy ang ginagamit na tinta, dahon ng saging o malapad na dahon ng kahoy ang nagsisilbing papel, at ang lapis ay lanseta o pinatulis na bakal. 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